Beyond the Image On Visual Culture in the Twenty-First CenturyToday, we do not believe in images anymore. This incredulity is, in part, the product of technology. From brainrot to deepfakes, from NFTs to sloppy content, the function of the image is not representation but only the reproduction of capital. In the twentieth century, the machine automated the hands of workers; in the twenty first century, it automates the eyes of consumers. The conveyor belt is upgraded by scrolling. In the age of electronic